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Dielectric

Description​

Represents a dielectric material by describing how it responds to electromagnetic fields and how much electromagnetic energy is dissipated within the material.

The relative permittivity determines the material’s electric response, while the dielectric loss tangent describes its dielectric losses. Together, these properties influence wave propagation, field distributions, and energy dissipation within the material.

A dielectric material can be assigned to one or more regions of the computational domain using assign_material.

Construction​

material = Dielectric()material = Dielectric(name="substrate", epsilon_r=4.2, loss_tangent=0.02)

material = Dielectric()

material = Dielectric() creates a lossless dielectric material with a relative permittivity of 1.

material = Dielectric(name="substrate", epsilon_r=4.2, loss_tangent=0.02)

material = Dielectric(name="substrate", epsilon_r=4.2, loss_tangent=0.02) creates a dielectric material with the specified name, relative permittivity, and dielectric loss tangent.

Constructor Inputs​

NameTypeRequiredDefaultDescription

name

str

Optional

dielectric

Name used to identify the material in the model and its visualization.

epsilon_r

int | float

Optional

1.0

Relative permittivity describing the electric response of the material. Must be a finite value greater than or equal to 1.

loss_tangent

int | float

Optional

0.0

Dielectric loss tangent describing energy dissipation in the material. Must be a finite, nonnegative value.

Properties​

name

Type strAccess read/write

Name used to identify the material in the model and its visualization.

epsilon_r

Type floatAccess read/write

Relative permittivity describing the electric response of the material. Must be a finite value greater than or equal to 1.

loss_tangent

Type floatAccess read/write

Dielectric loss tangent describing energy dissipation in the material. Must be a finite, nonnegative value.

Examples​

from hado.material import Dielectric

substrate = Dielectric(name="substrate", epsilon_r=4.2, loss_tangent=0.02)
model.assign_material(substrate, domain=2)

Mathematical Definition​

The dielectric properties are represented by the complex relative permittivity:

εr,c=εr(1−jtan⁡δ).(1)\varepsilon_{r,c} = \varepsilon_r(1-j\tan\delta). \tag{1}

where εr\varepsilon_r is the relative permittivity, tan⁡δ\tan\delta is the dielectric loss tangent, and jj is the imaginary unit.

The dielectric loss tangent describes the ratio of the imaginary to the real part of the complex permittivity. A loss tangent of zero represents a lossless dielectric.